Hydraulic press



June 6, 1944. M. A. MomE HYDRAULIC PRES S Filed Oct. 28, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet l )Jarz'usMt 'en Mute;-

m C d/Mum, fjd on June 6, 1944. M, MONIER 2,350,795

HYDRAULIC PRESS Filed Oct. 28, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Marius AdrimMoniek June 6, 1944. M. A. MONIER 2,350,795

HYDRAULIC PRESS Filed Oct. 28, 1942 3 sheetssheet 3 l/arjus Adrien lib/lien Ways Patented June 6, 1944 UNITE STATES PATENT orslca HYDBHULIO PRESS Marius Adrien Monier, Grille by France; vestedintheAlion Application om as. 1942, In France Property Custo- Serial No. 463396 December 1 6 Claims. (01. 100-71) Generally the correct operation of a press supposes that the resultant of the passive forces (resistance of the compressed article), the value of which is equal to that of. the active forces (compression stresses), is directly opposed to this latter.

If, for any reason (abnormal distribution of the resistances or casual disappearance of certain ones of the same), this condition is no long-. 7

er fulfilled, that is to say if a shifting occurs between the respective axes of application of both resultants in question, this shifting immediately gives rise to a reversing torque which in the case of presses of large dimensions can have serious consequences.

having a differential action, combined with the above mentioned auxiliary distributor or distributors and connected with the movable bed of the press in such a manner that at the moment when the lack of parallelism of the two beds reaches a given value the said control or controls act on the auxiliary distributor or distributors with which they are combined so as to stop the admission of the driving fluid for one or more cylinders or cylinder groups.

If the press comprises only one row of cylinders it is, of course, sufficient to have a single auxiliary distributor which is suitably arranged and a single compensating control, since one has Without going so far as to cause in every case:-

permanent deformations of the apparatus the above mentioned torque nevertheless imposes on the various organs of the press deflecting stresses which have as a visible consequence a lack of parallelism of the beds.

Without necessarily being dangerous these flexions give rise, in any case, to complementary frictions and even, on occasion, to Jamming effects which are contrary to a satisfactory work- 1118 of the press.

In ordinary presses one generally relies on the operator of the press for stopping the work as An object of the present invention is to provide a safety -device which is characterized by the combination, with a distributor member controlling the admission and the outlet of the fluid under pressure which feeds the cylinders of the press, of an auxiliary control mechanism which, if necessary or advisable, automatically puts out of action one or more cylinders" or cylinder groups, the said auxiliary mechanism comprising:

(1) One or more auxiliary distributors adapted for permitting separately to regulate the sup ply of fluid to the various cylinders or cylinder groups under consideration;

(2) When two auxiliary distributors are provided, a valve box adapted for co-ordinating the action of the said auxiliary distributors:

(3) Lastly, one or two compensating controls as cylind rs C: a d t oup 1 he cy i e s to care only for the longitudinal parallelism of thebeds.

On the contrary, when the press comprises two rows of cylinders two auxiliary distributors are necessary with one valve box and two compensating controls having a diiferential action, one of the said controlsbeing assigned to the control of the longitudinal parallelism of-the beds and the other to the control of their transversal parallelism.

A particular form of execution of a device suited for .carrying out the invention is shownv in the appended drawings and described by way of example, but, ofv course, the said form of execution ,couldbe modified in its details of construction without departing from the scope of the invention.

Figure 1 is a general ditical plan view of'the device.

Figure 2 comprises an elevation of the outside of the press in the longitudinal direction, with a partial tearing away showing the inner part of acylinder, and also two sectional'views of parts lines of associated control devices taken on the V-V and W-W of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is also an elevational view of the out- .side of the press in the lateral direction with three sectional vlews of parts of associated control devices which are taken on the lines X-X,

Y--Y and Z-Z of Figure 1.

As shown in the drawings, the press which is I described and shown byway of example comsaid in the aforesaid Perony patent, the "said cylinders being, as shown hereinafter and as re-" gards'their supply with drivingfluid, distributed in four groups G1, G2, (5.64, the group G; comprising the cylinders 01 and C1, the group G: the

Cs and Cs and the group G4 the cylinders C1 and Ca.

The control of the press is insured by means of a general distributor D- and of two auxiliary distributors di and d: which latter are respectively subjected to the action of the compensating control mechanisms the first of which corresponds to the longitudinal balance and the second to the lateral balance, the said auxiliary distributors being adapted for controlling the operation of a valve box B which regulates the supply of the driving fluid to the various cylinder r ps. 1

The general distributor D, which could also be of another type than that which is shown inthe drawings, is formed here of a three waycock comprising a block I to which leads the conduit 2 supplyinl the cylinders with fluid under pressure and from which extend on the one hand the conduit of distribution 3 and, on the other hand, the outlet conduit 4.

'Iwo valve needles 3 and 3 respectively movable in the cavities I and 3 provided in the said block I insure, by reason of the movements imparted to them by a control lever 3 to which they are linked at II and II respectively, either the connection of the inlet conduit 2 for the fluid with the distributing conduit 3 or the interruption of the said communication and the connection of the said distributing conduit 3 with the outlet conduit 4.

The valve box B which is supplied with driving fluid by the conduit 3 when the valve needle 3 of the general distributor is open is formed of a block I! in which are arranged six differential valve casings |3,|4, |3, |3, l1 and" respectively in which the movable difl'erential valves 9, 20, 2|,

From the lower seat of the valve 23 extends the conduit 21 which has alsotwo branches and sup- Plies with fluid both cylinders Cs and C0 of the group Go. a

From the lower seat of the valve 24 extends a the conduit 23 with two branches supplying with fluid both cylinders C1 and Cs of the group G4.

Owing to this arrangement the advantage of which will be shownhereinafter the various cylinder groups are. supplied with fluid independentlyfromone another.

Furthermore, the casings of the valves 2| and 22, which insure the control of the feeding of all the. cylinders of one row, are supplied with drivingfluid only when the valve I3 is open, and the casing! of the valves 23 and 24, which insure the control of the cylinders of the other row, are I supplied with driving fluid only when the valve 23 itself is open, owing to which the play of both valves i3 and 23 permits of neutralizing each one of the cylinder rows independently from the other according to the needs. g

The control of the opening and closing of the six differential valves of the valve box B it itself insured through the medium of both auxiliary distributors di and dzwhich are identical, but the first of which is subjected to the action of the longitudinal compensating mechanism, as for instmeebymeansoi'a'drivingrodfl orthe like.

subiectedtotheaction of the transversal compensating mechanism, which acts by means of the rod 33.

The distributor (11, which has the duty of insuring the longitudinal control by putting out of action either both groups G1 and G4 or both groups G: and G: according to the requirements, is formed itself of a block 3|. A conduit 32 supplying the fluid under pressure and connected with the conduit 3 of the general distributor D leads to the block 3| from which extend: (1) a conduit 33 which leads to the upper part of the casings of the diflerential valves 22 and 23 which control the feeding of both cylinder groups G: and Ga;

(2) a conduit 34, which leads to the upper part of the casings of the differential valves 2| and 24 which control the feeding of both cylinder groups G1 an G4, and

(3) lastly a discharge conduit 33 which joins the outlet conduit 4 of the general distributor D.

Inthe said block 3| are arranged four valve are subjected to the action of a compression spring 43 which rests on a fixed point 43 and constantly tends to maintain the valve needle applied against its seat in order to prevent the driving fluid arriving through the conduit 32 from flowing into-the casing of the valve needle 4|, and ina like manner the valve needl 42 and the link 43 are subjected to the action of a compression spring 33 which rests against a flxed stop 3| and'constantly tends to apply the said valve needle onto its seat in order to prevent the driving "fluid arriving through the conduit 32 from flowing into the casing of the valve needle 43.

The casing of the valve needle 4| permanently communicates with the conduit 34 and the casing of the valve needle 43 permanently communicates with the conduit 33, but since these two casings also communicate with the discharge conduit 33 so long as their respective valve needles remain in the opened position, the fluid under pressure can exert its action on the valves 2|, 22, 23 and 24 of the valve box only if th rod 23 is moved sufflciently for flrst closing one or the other of the said valve needles 4| or 43 and for opening then either the valve needle 43 or the valve needle 42 while overcoming the force of the corresponding compression spring.

In a like manner, the auxiliary distributor d: which has for its duty to insure the lateral control by putting out of action either one or the other of both cylinder rows, according to the requirements, comprises a block 32. A conduit 33 for the driving fluid coming from the conduit 3 of the general distributor D leads to block 32 from which extend: 7

(1) a conduit 34 which leads to the upper part of the casing of the valve II in order to control the feeding of both cylinder groups G1 and G: of one and the sam row;

(2) a conduit 33 which leads to the upper part of the casing of the valve 23 in order to control the feeding of both cylinder groups Ga and G4 of the other row, and

(3) lastly, a discharge conduit 33, which Joins the outlet conduit 4 oi the general distributor D.

In the said block 32 are arranged four valve need e casings '31, 33, 33 and 33 which receive four valve needles 9|, 92, 69 and 94: the first two are linked on a link 85, which is itself linked at 66 on the master rod 99, and the other two on a link 81, which is itself linked at 98 on the rod 30, the valve needle 6| and the link 85 being acted upon by a spring 99 which rests against a fixed stop 19, while the valve needle 69 and the link 61 are acted upon by a spring ll resting against a fixed stop I2.

The casing of the valve needle 92 permanently communicates with the conduit 54 and the casing of the valve needle 64 permanently communicates with a conduit 55, but since each of these two casings also communicates with the discharge conduit 56 as long as its valve needle remains in the opened position, the fluid under pressure can exert its action on both valves l9 and 29 of.

the valve box only-when the rod 39 is moved sufficiently for causing first the closure of one or the other of the said valve needles 62 or 94 and then the opening either of the valve needle 6| or of the valve needle 69 while overcoming the force of the corresponding compression spring.

The auxiliary mechanism adapted for insuring the longitudinal compensation comprises two vertical racks l3 and I4 integral with the bed S2.

and movable with it, one of the said racks engaging a pinion l5 capable of freely rotating about a fixed axis I6 integral with the bed S1, and the other of said racks engaging a pinion 11 also capable of freely rotating about a fixed axis 18 integral with the bed S1.

It comprises, furthermore, two horizontal double racks l9 and 80 which can slide in guides 8| and 82, respectively, on the fixed bed S1.

The teeth 19a of the rack 19 engage the pinion I5. and the teeth 80a of the rack 89 engage the pinion 11. Between'theteeth 19b of the rack I9 and the teeth 80b of the rack 80 is arranged a pinion 83 which can freely rotate about an axis 84 mounted at one end of a yoke", the other end of which yokeis linked at 86 on one of the arms of a bell-crank lever 81, which lever can rock about an axis 88 integral with the bed S1.

At the end of the other arm of the bell-crank driving fiuid arriving through the conduit 2 can pass under the valve needle I and from here through the conduit 2 into the valve box B.

In the latter, the driving fluid can also pass under the valves l9 and 20 and then into the space under the valves 2|, 22, 29 and 24, and finally reach the eight cylinders of the press through the conduits 25, 29, 21 and 28.

Under the action of the driving fiuid the movable bed 8: is lowered and comes nearer to the fixed bed Si.

As long as there is no abnormal shifting between the axes of application of the resultant of the active forces and that of the passive resistances; the four racks I3, 14, 89 and 99, which follow the bed S; in its downward movement, are moved by exactlyv the same amount. The same is true for the horizontal racks I9, 89, 95 and 96 and, consequently, both pinions 89 and 99 rotate each about its own axis, without undergoing any linear displacement.-" The bell-crank levers 81 and "I3 remain unmoved as well as the rods "and 99. The valve needles and 42 of the auxiliary distributor (Z1 and the valve needles 6| and 63 of the auxiliary distributor (12 remain closed. The conduits 32 and 53 which lead to the said auxiliary distributors supply no driving fluid.

If, for any reason, an abnormal shifting occurs between the axes of application of the active forces and of the passive resistances acting between the beds, and if this shifting is sufflcient for preventing the movable bed S: from moving further parallelly to itself and parallelly to the fixed bed S1, a certain difference appears between the respective displacements of the various racks l3, I4, 89 and 90.

. goes a certain tilting movement in the longilever is connectedrthe upper end of the above mentioned rod 29. a

In a like manner, the auxiliary mechanism adapted for. insuring the lateral compensation carries two vertical' racks 89 and 99 integral with the bed 82 and moving with it, one of the said racks engaginga pinion 9| capable of freelyrotating'about a fixed. axis 92 integral with the fixed =bed S 'and the-other of said racks engaging a pinion ,93: alsocapable of freely rotating about afixed axis integral with the bed S1.

-Also, it comprises two double horizontal racks 95 and 99: which can slide in guides 91 and 99, respectively,.on:the fixed bed S1.

The teeth.95agof-the rack 95 engage the pinion 9|, and the teeth96a=of the rack 99 engage the pinion 93.

Between the-teeth 95b of the rack 95 and the teeth 96b'ofitherack 99 is arranged a pinion 99 which can freely rotate about an axis |99 mounted at one of the ends of a yoke IUI, the other end of which yoke is linked at I92 on'one of the arms of a bell-crank lever I99, which lever can rock about an axis ||l4 integral with the bed 81;

At the endof the other arm of the said bellcrank lever is connected the end of the above mentioned rod 30.-

The operation of the device is as follows:

. When all. the parts are in the position in which they are shown in. the appended drawings, the

In order to simplify the explanation it will be supposed first that the shifting in question is such that the movable bed S: of the press undertudinal direction as, for instance, counterclockwise, with respect to an observer looking at Figure 2, without undergoing any tilting movement in the lateral direction.

In this case, the rack 13 moves downward faster than the rack 14, and the displacement of the rack 19 from the right to the left is larger than that of the rack 80 from the left to the right.

Accordingly, the axis 84 of the pinion 83 is compelled to move from the right to the left for compensating this diiference, while carrying with it the yoke 85, which obliges the bell-crank lever 81 to rock "about its axis, thus causing a downward movement of the rod 29.

This downward movement leaves the valve needle 42 of the auxiliary distributor d1 in'the closed position, but it causes, first, the closure of the valve needle 4|, and then, when it has reached a suflicient value; the opening of the these valves is larger than that of their lower 3 supplying the driving fiuid and the conduits V 25 and 28 which feed both cylinder groups of the 4 at hand G1 and G4, that is to say the cylinders C1, C1, C1, Cs.

Since the latter are no longer supplied with drivingfluid the axis of application of the resultant of the active pressures immediately tends to move from the left to the right in order to reestablish the desired balance.

As this movement proceeds the pinion 83 tends to return to its middle position, as well as the bell-crank lever 81 and the rod 29.

The valve needle is rises-to its closing position again and then the valve needle 4i opens, thus putting the conduit 34 and, accordingly, the space above the valves 2i and 24 in communication with the discharge conduit 35. The valves 2i and 24 can open again in order to supply fluid to the cylinders C1, C2, C1 and Cs.

A tilting movement of the movable bed S: in

the other direction would cause the rod 29 to rise and the valves 22 and 23 to close.

If it is the lateral balance which is disturbed, without the longitudinal balance being affected, it is the axis I ll of the pinion as which moves and causes, according to the requirements, an upward ora downward movement of the rod 30. According to the direction oi'the movement of the latter, an operation similar to that which has Just been described causes the closure of one or the other of the two valves is and 20 of the valve box 18. If it is the valve is which closes,

On the contrary, it it is the valve 20 which closes,

the flow oi the fluid towards the cylinders C1, C2,

it is the supply oi fluid to the cylinders of the other cylinder row which is cut oil.

0! course, two tilting movements,.i. e. a-longitudinal and a lateral movement, can be combined and cause then the stopping of three cylinder groups.

When the operator of the press desires to stop his machine, he needs only to move the lever ll from the right to the left. Thus he causes the closure of the valve needle I and the opening of the valve needle i. Consequently, he cuts 01! the supply of driving fluid and permits the fluid in the cylinders to flow back through the valve box B and the conduit! and to escape through the conduit 4 at the moment when. the usual control device I" for the raising of the movable bed begins to work.

Although the mm 01' execution which has been described and shown by way of example is applicable to a press with eight compression cylin- -dersof the typewhich has been described in the aforesaid Perony patent, it is obvious that a man skilled in'the art would be able, without any difliculty, to make such a device applicable either to a press with another number of cylinders or to a press cylinders of another type for the control of the or flnally to a press in .which the flow of driving fluid to certain of the cylinders would not be controlled by the compensating mechanism.

It is also obvious-that the above described com-' axis extendingbetween said series and about a second axis extending between said groups comprising a common source of pressure fluid for said cylinders, valve means for distributing said pressure fluid between saidxseries, means responsive to tilting of said movable elenient about said one axis for actuating said valve means to cut of! the supply of pressure fluid to one or the other series, additional valve means between said flrst valve means and each series for distributing said pressure fluid between the groups of each series, and means responsiveto tilting 01 said movable element about said second axis for actuating said additional valve means to cut oi! the supply of pressure fluid to groups on one or the other side of said second axis.

2. In a hydraulic press having one press element movable toward another and a plurality of actuating cylinders for said movable element arranged in a plurality of series with the cylinders of each series divided into groups, means for. prewnting tilting 01' said movable element about one axis extending between said series and about a second axis extending between said groups comprising a common source of pressure fluid for said cylinders, conduits for conducting said pressure fluid separately to each series, a control valve in each conduit, said conduits being' branched to conduct said fluid separately to each group, a supplemental control valve in each branch, means responsive to tilting oi said movable element about said one axis for closing one or the other 01' said series control valves, and means responsive to tilting of said movable element about said second axis for closingthe supplemental control valves of the groups on one or the other side of said second axis.

3. In a hydraulic press having one press element movable toward another and a plurality of actuating cylinders for said movable element arranged in a plurality of series with the cylinders of each series divided into groups, means for preventing tilting of said movable element about one axis extending between said series and about a second axis extending between said groups comprising a common source or pressure fluid for said cylinders, conduit; for conducting said pressure fluid separately to each series, a control valve in each conduit, said conduits being branched to conduct said fluid separately to each group, a supplemental control valve in each are combined in a valve box having an inlet passage connected to said source and divided into two branches. said valve means controlling the distribution of pressure fluid between said branches, eachoi' said branches leading to one of said additional valve means with separate venting tilting of said movable element about one outlets to said groups, said additional valve means each controlling the distribution of pressure fluid between its separate outlets.

5. Apparatus as deflned in claim 1 wherein said valve means and additional valve means are combined in a valve box having 'an inlet passage connected to said source and divided into branches one for each series, said valve means comprising a control valve in each branch, each of said branches leading to separate outlets for the groups of its series, and said additional valve means comprising a control valve for each outlet.

6. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said valve means and additional valve means means comprising a control valve in each branch, each of said branches leading to separate outlets for the groups of its series, and said additional valve means comprising a control valve for each outlet, said valves being of the differential type normally maintained open by pressure fluid flowing to said cylinders, and said means responsive to tilting of the movable press element comprising means for subjecting said valves to difare combined in a valve box having an inlet 10 ferential fluid pressure for closing the same.

passage connected to said source and divided into branches one for each series, said valve MARIUS ADRIEN MONIER. 

